Electromagnetism · undergrad

Gauss's Law

Electric flux through a closed surface measures the enclosed charge.

Published Apr 26, 2026 · 1 min

PDF View

The PDF file is linked, but it has not been added yet.

/sources/gauss-law.pdf

Integral Form

\oint_{\partial V} \mathbf E\cdot d\mathbf A = \frac{Q_{\rm enc}}{\varepsilon_0}.

Using the divergence theorem,

\nabla\cdot\mathbf E = \frac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0}.

This is one of Maxwell’s equations.

A field-first path through electrostatics, induction, and electromagnetic waves.

The four pillars of electromagnetism — differential, integral, and covariant forms in one view.