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Cosmology · undergrad

Critical Density

The density that makes the spatial curvature term vanish for a given Hubble rate.

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Critical Density

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Definition

The critical density is

ρc=3H28πG.\rho_c = \frac{3H^2}{8\pi G}.

It is the density required for a spatially flat universe in the simplest Friedmann equation.

Density Parameters

Define

Ωi=ρiρc.\Omega_i = \frac{\rho_i}{\rho_c}.

The Friedmann equation can then be written as a relation among Ω\Omega values, which is convenient for comparing matter, radiation, curvature, and dark energy contributions.

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